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The Menace of Open Defecation in Ghanaian Communities: The Case of Gambaga and Nalerigu Communities in North East Region
Ibrahim Abudulai,
Tia Abdulai Robert Aziz,
Benjamin Ofori,
Godfred Atta Adjei
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
16-26
Received:
19 February 2021
Accepted:
9 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: The study sought to investigate the open defecation menace in Ghanaian communities with emphasis on Gambaga and Nalerigu Townships in the North East Region of Ghana. A sample of 70 respondents comprising household heads and Environmental and Sanitation Officers was considered for the study. Purposive and non-probability sampling techniques were used to select the respondents for the study. As a qualitative study, questionnaire, structured interview guide, and personal observation were instruments for data collection. The study revealed among others that the inability of some households to provide toilets in their homes accounted for the state of open defecation in the two townships. Again, some residents in Gambaga and Nalerigu Townships practice open defecation because of the bad odour that emanates from the public toilets leaving bad smell on their entire bodies once they visit the toilets. It was recommended that government, Non-Governmental Organizations, and other philanthropists should assist residents of Gambaga and Nalerigu by assisting them with some credit facilities to empower them to improve on their economic activities especially agriculture to earn enough income for the construction of their household latrines. It is also, recommended that the Municipal Assembly should replace the old public toilets with WC toilets to reduce the amount of odour that emanates from such old pit latrines.
Abstract: The study sought to investigate the open defecation menace in Ghanaian communities with emphasis on Gambaga and Nalerigu Townships in the North East Region of Ghana. A sample of 70 respondents comprising household heads and Environmental and Sanitation Officers was considered for the study. Purposive and non-probability sampling techniques were use...
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Effect of Household Solid Waste Management on Environmental Sanitation in Hargeisa, Somaliland
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
27-32
Received:
17 March 2021
Accepted:
29 March 2021
Published:
7 April 2021
Abstract: The study investigated the effects of households’ solid waste management on environmental sanitation in Hargeisa Somaliland. In Somaliland especially Hargeisa city there is no comprehensive, centrally organized waste collection system. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design on simple random sample of 377 of households. Data was collected using questionnaire. This study assessed waste collection, transportation and disposal used by the households in Hargeisa city. The study found that waste collection has a significant effect on environmental sanitation of households in Hargeisa city. χ2 (N=341)=26.912, p=.000, C=.270. And Waste transportation of household’s solid waste management have a significant effect on environmental sanitation of households in Hargeisa city. χ2 (N=341)=43.654, p=.000, C=.337 and Waste disposal of household’s solid waste management have a significant effect on environmental sanitation of households in Hargeisa city, χ2 (N=341)=12.786, p=.002, C=.190. The study concludes that Poor household solid waste transportation has the most significant effect on environmental sanitation of households in Hargeisa city. This is because all other elements are statistically significant. Transportation arises for the largest value (33.7%) in effecting the environmental sanitation of households. The study recommends that local government and ministry of health and the district committee to develop environmental sanitation education programs concerning proper solid waste management at household level and distribute the household’s waste collection and transportation containers with cover and also designate disposal sites for the city. The researcher recommends that further research should investigate in whole Somaliland regions, because diarrhea, asthma and pneumonia exist other regions which can be due to household’s solid waste Management.
Abstract: The study investigated the effects of households’ solid waste management on environmental sanitation in Hargeisa Somaliland. In Somaliland especially Hargeisa city there is no comprehensive, centrally organized waste collection system. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design on simple random sample of 377 of households. Data was collected...
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Phytorestoration of Sewage Sludge from the Mangrove Landfill of «Bois des Singes» by Planted Filters of Pennisetum purpureum (Douala, Cameroon)
Promesse-ssie Mpahmadje Yves,
Ndjouondo Gildas Parfait,
Noukeu Nkouakam Armelle,
Dibong Siegfried Didier,
Ndongo Din,
Priso Richard Jules
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
33-39
Received:
31 January 2021
Accepted:
8 February 2021
Published:
13 April 2021
Abstract: Human activities are causing wetland degradation. Macrophytes play an important role in the management of hydrosystems. They can therefore be used to restore a polluted environment. The aim of the study is to contribute to the phytorestoration of sewage sludge in nitrates, phosphates, cadmium, iron and lead from the Mangrove landfill of "Bois des singes" by planted filters of Pennisetum purpureum. A planted filter of P. purpureum was constructed. Sewages sludges samples were introduced into the device. Nitrates (NO3), phosphates (PO4), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) assays were carried out in water and plants at different levels of the filter (Settling basin B1, basin B2, basin B3, negative control and positive control) by absorption spectrophotometry flame atomic. The bioaccumulation and translocation factors as well as the bioaccumulation coefficient have been determined. The high contents of PO4 (4000 mg/l), NO3 (89 mg/l), Fe (5000 mg/l), Pb (20 mg/l) and Cd (0.08 mg/l) are greatly reduced by the filters at values below the tolerance threshold in B3 of 0.01 mg/l, 0.14 mg/l, 0.0002 mg/l, 0.0003 mg/l and 0.0003 mg/l respectively. The bioaccumulation factor shows that P. purpureum contained in barrels where the parameters are high is lead accumulator with a value of 1.305 (B2), hyperaccumulator of Fe and Cd with values of 10.05 (B2) and 13, 23 (B3). The leaf translocation is greater than 1 with Fe and Pb in the leaves of the boles. P. purpureum transfers Fe and Pb to the leaves. The planted filter of P. purpureum allows a restoration of this sewage sludge. This macrophyte extracts NO3, PO4, Cd, Fe and Pb and accumulates them in its vegetative system. P. purpureum cant be use to to restore the environment stressed by faecal sludge in the city of Douala.
Abstract: Human activities are causing wetland degradation. Macrophytes play an important role in the management of hydrosystems. They can therefore be used to restore a polluted environment. The aim of the study is to contribute to the phytorestoration of sewage sludge in nitrates, phosphates, cadmium, iron and lead from the Mangrove landfill of "Bois des s...
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Flood Inundation Mapping of Jigjiga-Town and Its Surrounding Environment: Using GIS & HEC-RAS Model
Abirham Cherinet,
Sadnur Worku
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2021
Pages:
40-49
Received:
15 February 2021
Accepted:
24 March 2021
Published:
20 April 2021
Abstract: Flood is one of the natural hazards that have negative impacts on peoples and property. It occurs in lowland areas without any sign when excessive rains fall in adjacent highland areas. Since flood is unavoidable natural phenomena, adopting protective mechanisms are crucial. This study was conducted in Jigjiga town, Eastern Ethiopia with main objective of delineating flood risk areas. For the purpose of flood risk mapping preparation, hydrology and hydraulics models have been used. Besides, land use /cover change detection analysis has been carried out between the year 2003 and 2017. Soil Conservation System (SCS) Curve Number method was used as hydrology model. Satellite and field data have been collected, filtered and finally a geo-database has been developed in GIS environment. Flow data and river geometry data, which obtained from hydrology model and prepared using HEC-GeoRAS was used as inputs for HEC-RAS model. Before running steady flow analysis, correction of geometry data has been carried out in HEC-RAS environment. From the study, it was found that, expansion of built up area and agricultural land at the cost of open area. Flood inundation extent maps show that increasing in aerial coverage as return period increases but the variation in area between consecutive periods are small. The flood extent obtained by applying structural flood control mechanism shows that the measure reduces the flood extent considerably but it also exhibits some part of the town is still in undated in all return periods. From the analysis it was observed that the increases in built up area and agricultural land may lead to increase flooding. Besides, among the LULC classes fall under high risk zone at different return periods, built up area and agricultural land consist a considerable proportion. It also observed that, flood risk areas increase as return period increases but the variation between the periods is small. The flood risk map can be used for planning control measures for future flood.
Abstract: Flood is one of the natural hazards that have negative impacts on peoples and property. It occurs in lowland areas without any sign when excessive rains fall in adjacent highland areas. Since flood is unavoidable natural phenomena, adopting protective mechanisms are crucial. This study was conducted in Jigjiga town, Eastern Ethiopia with main objec...
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