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An Analysis of Civil Society Organisations Advocating for Adequate Bauxite Mining in Boke Region (Western Guinea)
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
39-47
Received:
25 March 2022
Accepted:
13 May 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
Abstract: This research paper investigates Civil Society Organisations engagement in responding to Bauxite Mining Activity’s Environment and Social problems at the grassroots in the Boké region and proffer feasible recommendations to improve engagements in address community problems. In another Word, it evaluates the extent of few Civil Society Organisations actions and limits in advocating for adequate bauxite mining in the Boké region. Boké is Guinea’s bauxite mining region. Since 1974, mining activity is ongoing in the region. Interestingly, the activity has extremely increased in the past decade with numerous bauxite mining companies. That phenomenal bauxite production in the Boké mining zone has called the attention of some Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). Notably, Protection and Management of Environment (PEG), Human Rights Watch (HRW), some Journalists like Moussa Moise SYLLA (Espace FM) Akoumba DIALLO and Mining specialists like Julien BRYGO, S. souare (EnviroAfrica). In response to this society problem, few CSOs are developing few responses to help local communities impacted by mining. Unfortunately, those action are not more enough considering the Environmental and Social Management needs in the Boké region. Though there are few formal and informal Management attempt actions. But, those management attempt actions must be exclusively formal, with synergy actions of Guinean government, Boké Mining Companies, Civil Society Organisations and especially Boké’s local community who is enduring the direct and the indirect impacts of Mining.
Abstract: This research paper investigates Civil Society Organisations engagement in responding to Bauxite Mining Activity’s Environment and Social problems at the grassroots in the Boké region and proffer feasible recommendations to improve engagements in address community problems. In another Word, it evaluates the extent of few Civil Society Organisations...
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Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania
Erasto Focus,
Msafiri Jackson,
Charles Simon,
Emmanuel Njale,
Anna Kanyanemu,
Yohana Siyajali Anatory,
Makoye Mhozya,
Pamela Semiono
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
48-58
Received:
4 May 2022
Accepted:
18 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
Abstract: Currently, the mining industry in Tanzania faces significant challenges including the presence of radionuclides in the working environment. In this work, different indices were applied to assess the health risk of people living and working in the study area. The radiation hazards in the studied mining areas are compared with the recommended local and international guidelines. The health risk and mitigation measures due to radioactive elements exposure to mine workers and people dwelling in the mines is established. The hyper pure germanium detector (HPGe) was used for radioactivity analysis. The radon gas levels were measured using the Alpha Guard radon monitor. The results on radioactivity; mean effective dose; annual gonadal equivalent and absorbed dose; radium equivalent; internal and external hazard indices; alpha and gamma indices; and the radon gas revealed high values in mining areas compared to the control area. However, some of the levels of radionuclides along with their hazard indices are lower than the recommended international limits. The mitigation measures which include dust suppression using water spray and the use protection gears such as masks and gloves are recommended. The present study recommends follow up and further studies in the ASGM subsector.
Abstract: Currently, the mining industry in Tanzania faces significant challenges including the presence of radionuclides in the working environment. In this work, different indices were applied to assess the health risk of people living and working in the study area. The radiation hazards in the studied mining areas are compared with the recommended local a...
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Study on the Key Technology of Deepwater Oil Spill Simulation in the South China Sea
Jianwei Li,
Wei An,
Yuanshou He,
Weiwei Jin,
Shasha Song
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
59-66
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
Published:
1 June 2022
Abstract: With the development of oil and gas fields in deepwater areas, the risk of deepwater oil spill accidents is increasing. In order to improve the capacity of deepwater oil spill contingency response and management in the South China Sea, an user-friendly and robust 3D (three-dimensional) underwater oil spill simulation system is developed by using the MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) interface library and the 3D OSG (Open Scene Graph) rendering engine. Many key technologies including submarine topography drawing, sea surface emulation, three-dimensional current display and oil particle simulation are developed and integrated, and the functions including 3D simulations of marine environment and deepwater oil spill prediction are also implemented in the simulation software system. The 3D oil spill simulation system has been applied in the preparation of oil spill response plans (OSRP) for Liwan 3-1 Block, Liwan 43-11 Block, Chevron’s Block 42-05 and Baiyun Block in the South China Sea. Preliminary application shows that the system can provide convenient and intuitive visual interactive services for the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the deepwater area of the South China Sea. Meanwhile, the system also specifies underwater trajectories of oil spill in deep waters, the concentration distribution of oil spilled in water, and the time and place the spilled oil reaches the surface, thus providing technical support for on-scene oil spill emergency response and marine environmental impact assessment.
Abstract: With the development of oil and gas fields in deepwater areas, the risk of deepwater oil spill accidents is increasing. In order to improve the capacity of deepwater oil spill contingency response and management in the South China Sea, an user-friendly and robust 3D (three-dimensional) underwater oil spill simulation system is developed by using th...
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Adsorption Performance of Two Kinds of Biochar for Cd2+ in Water
Ye Jinsha,
Luo Xin,
Liu Ruisen
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
67-72
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
Published:
1 June 2022
Abstract: Cadmium is one of the most widely distributed and toxic pollutants in nature, and the remediation of Cd pollution is still a difficult and serious task. In this paper, the biochar derived from walnut shells and sunflower seed shells were prepared at 700°C. The two kinds of biochar were characterized by SEM and FTIR, and the effects of pH, adsorption time, initial concentration on the adsorption of Cd2+ in aqueous solution were investigated. The adsorption kinetics were studied and the experimental data was also fitted with the isotherm equilibrium models. The results showed that the adsorption amount of Cd2+ increased with the pH when the solution pH was between 2 and 7. The maximum adsorption amount of Cd in water was up to 12.94 mg•g-1 and 21.11 mg•g-1 for BWS and BSS. The adsorption kinetics of Cd2+ on the BWS and BSS followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to describe the adsorption equilibrium process isotherms. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increasing. The analysis of microstructural characteristics indicated that complexation and ion exchange are the main mechanisms of cadmium adsorption on the two kinds of biochar. And the surface of the BSS contained a large number of functional groups. Compared with the BSS exhibited better Cd2+ adsorption capacity. The results of this research are important for the resourceful use of waste and the purification of heavy metals in water.
Abstract: Cadmium is one of the most widely distributed and toxic pollutants in nature, and the remediation of Cd pollution is still a difficult and serious task. In this paper, the biochar derived from walnut shells and sunflower seed shells were prepared at 700°C. The two kinds of biochar were characterized by SEM and FTIR, and the effects of pH, adsorptio...
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