Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria

Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal; Henry Sawyer Olawale

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11

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Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria

Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal, Henry Sawyer Olawale

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 15 June 2022 Accepted: 27 June 2022 Published: 13 July 2022

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Abstract

In Nigeria, considering the period of passive functioning of railway transport along Ibadan - Lagos route but there is still notable commercial activities at each terminal and the agricultural activities along the route closed to the railway track continue increasing and with the recent reopening/construction of new rail. As such, the study aimed to determine the level of soil pollution with heavy metals from Railway Transportation in South West, Nigeria which focused on Oyo State (Bodija), Ogun State (Lafenwa) and Lagos State (Alajomeji). Four soil samples each were collected from study area making twelve (12) samples collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with minimum of 20-30 feet apart. A certain weight of each sample was weighed into beaker and 10mls of an acid mixture of nitric/perchloric acid was added and allowed to undergo digestion. The content was read on a Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model 210/211 VGP to determine the present of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu at Bodija range from 15.4–121.6, 0.00-0.85, 49.40-69.35, 199.0-329.5 and 37.40-55.50. Lafenwa; 58.4-417.50, 0.00-3.85, 9.70-47.45, 192.5-3557.5 and 45.40-1337.50. Alagomeji; 63.2-457.40, 2.10-4.10, 11.70-51.65, 201.6-3767.6 and 55.30-1537.60 mg/kg respectively. The mean effect indicated Pb, Cu and Cd were above the World Health Organisation standard for heavy metal in soil while Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were above the standard of Nigeria Department of Petroleum Regulation for heavy metal in soil in the Railway Stations with significant correlation among the heavy metal indicated similar source of pollution. The Geo-accumulation index indicated the soil in the Railway station is extremely contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) show contamination level of the heavy metals in the study areas are moderately polluted. The pollution load index (PLI) at Bodija with 0.7687 indicated unpolluted, Lafenwa and Alagomeji with 2.8681 and 3.6437 respectively indicated polluted. The Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd are the major heavy metals generating from railway transportation as such, needs for periodic environmental monitoring of environmental media and phytoremediation of the railway stations as well formulation of policy relating to railway transportation in term of planning, construction, operation in the face of new era in Railway transportation in Nigeria.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
Page(s)	73-79
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Railway Transport, Soil Pollution, Heavy Metals, Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Cooper, Chromium

References

[1]	Adamu, A., Iyaka, Y. A., Mathew, J. T., Inobeme, A., & Egharevba, H. O. (2017). Assessment of Some Heavy Metal Contamination and analysis of Physicochemical Parameters of Surface Soil within the Vicinity of Minna Railway Station, Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, 1-9.
[2]	Adebayo, A. A. (2014). Investigations on Soil Contamination by Toxic Metals within the Vicinities of Bodija Market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Health Sciences, 1, 35-41.
[3]	Amukali, O., Bariweni, P. A., & Imaitor-Uku, E. E. (2018). Spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination indexes in soils around auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Earth and Environmental Science, 3 (4), 23-33.
[4]	Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). Environmental, guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria; 1991.
[5]	Kenechukwu, E. U. & Anthony, C. O. (2021). Concentration and risk assessment of toxic metals in indoor dust in selected schools in Southeast, Nigeria. National Center for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
[6]	Lorenzo, R.; Kaegi, R.; Gehrig, R.; Grobéty, B. 2006. Particle emissions of a railway line determined by detailed single particle analysis, Atmospheric Environment 40 (40): 7831–7841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.026
[7]	Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Journal of Geology. 1979; 2 (3): 108-118.
[8]	Singh, J., & Kalamdhad, A. S. (2011). Effects of heavy metals on soil, plants, human health and aquatic life. International journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment, 1 (2), 15-21.
[9]	Sulaiman, M. B., Santuraki, A. H., & Babayo, A. U. (2018). Ecological Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils at Traffic Circles in Gombe, Northern Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 22 (6) 999–1003 June 2018.
[10]	Stojic, N., Pucarevic, M., & Stojic, G. (2017). Railway transportation as a source of soil pollution. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57, 124-129.
[11]	Thomlinson DL, Wilson JG, Harris CR, Jeffney DW. Problems in the assessment of heavy metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 1980; 33: 566-572.
[12]	Vaiškūnaitė, R., & Jasiūnienė, V. (2020). The analysis of heavy metal pollutants emitted by railway transport. Transport, 35 (2), 213-223.
[13]	Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., & Hu, Z. (2012). The effects of the Qinghai–Tibet railway on heavy metals enrichment in soils. Science of the Total Environment, 439, 240-248.

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Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal, Henry Sawyer Olawale. (2022). Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 10(4), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11

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ACS Style

Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal; Henry Sawyer Olawale. Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 10(4), 73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11

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Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal, Henry Sawyer Olawale. Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;10(4):73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11,
  author = {Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal and Henry Sawyer Olawale},
  title = {Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {73-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20221004.11},
  abstract = {In Nigeria, considering the period of passive functioning of railway transport along Ibadan - Lagos route but there is still notable commercial activities at each terminal and the agricultural activities along the route closed to the railway track continue increasing and with the recent reopening/construction of new rail. As such, the study aimed to determine the level of soil pollution with heavy metals from Railway Transportation in South West, Nigeria which focused on Oyo State (Bodija), Ogun State (Lafenwa) and Lagos State (Alajomeji). Four soil samples each were collected from study area making twelve (12) samples collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with minimum of 20-30 feet apart. A certain weight of each sample was weighed into beaker and 10mls of an acid mixture of nitric/perchloric acid was added and allowed to undergo digestion. The content was read on a Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model 210/211 VGP to determine the present of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu at Bodija range from 15.4–121.6, 0.00-0.85, 49.40-69.35, 199.0-329.5 and 37.40-55.50. Lafenwa; 58.4-417.50, 0.00-3.85, 9.70-47.45, 192.5-3557.5 and 45.40-1337.50. Alagomeji; 63.2-457.40, 2.10-4.10, 11.70-51.65, 201.6-3767.6 and 55.30-1537.60 mg/kg respectively. The mean effect indicated Pb, Cu and Cd were above the World Health Organisation standard for heavy metal in soil while Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were above the standard of Nigeria Department of Petroleum Regulation for heavy metal in soil in the Railway Stations with significant correlation among the heavy metal indicated similar source of pollution. The Geo-accumulation index indicated the soil in the Railway station is extremely contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) show contamination level of the heavy metals in the study areas are moderately polluted. The pollution load index (PLI) at Bodija with 0.7687 indicated unpolluted, Lafenwa and Alagomeji with 2.8681 and 3.6437 respectively indicated polluted. The Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd are the major heavy metals generating from railway transportation as such, needs for periodic environmental monitoring of environmental media and phytoremediation of the railway stations as well formulation of policy relating to railway transportation in term of planning, construction, operation in the face of new era in Railway transportation in Nigeria.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria
AU  - Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal
AU  - Henry Sawyer Olawale
Y1  - 2022/07/13
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
AB  - In Nigeria, considering the period of passive functioning of railway transport along Ibadan - Lagos route but there is still notable commercial activities at each terminal and the agricultural activities along the route closed to the railway track continue increasing and with the recent reopening/construction of new rail. As such, the study aimed to determine the level of soil pollution with heavy metals from Railway Transportation in South West, Nigeria which focused on Oyo State (Bodija), Ogun State (Lafenwa) and Lagos State (Alajomeji). Four soil samples each were collected from study area making twelve (12) samples collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with minimum of 20-30 feet apart. A certain weight of each sample was weighed into beaker and 10mls of an acid mixture of nitric/perchloric acid was added and allowed to undergo digestion. The content was read on a Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model 210/211 VGP to determine the present of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu at Bodija range from 15.4–121.6, 0.00-0.85, 49.40-69.35, 199.0-329.5 and 37.40-55.50. Lafenwa; 58.4-417.50, 0.00-3.85, 9.70-47.45, 192.5-3557.5 and 45.40-1337.50. Alagomeji; 63.2-457.40, 2.10-4.10, 11.70-51.65, 201.6-3767.6 and 55.30-1537.60 mg/kg respectively. The mean effect indicated Pb, Cu and Cd were above the World Health Organisation standard for heavy metal in soil while Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were above the standard of Nigeria Department of Petroleum Regulation for heavy metal in soil in the Railway Stations with significant correlation among the heavy metal indicated similar source of pollution. The Geo-accumulation index indicated the soil in the Railway station is extremely contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) show contamination level of the heavy metals in the study areas are moderately polluted. The pollution load index (PLI) at Bodija with 0.7687 indicated unpolluted, Lafenwa and Alagomeji with 2.8681 and 3.6437 respectively indicated polluted. The Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd are the major heavy metals generating from railway transportation as such, needs for periodic environmental monitoring of environmental media and phytoremediation of the railway stations as well formulation of policy relating to railway transportation in term of planning, construction, operation in the face of new era in Railway transportation in Nigeria.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal

Department of Environmental Health Science, Ekiti State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria
Henry Sawyer Olawale

Department of Environmental Health Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal, Henry Sawyer Olawale. (2022). Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 10(4), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11

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ACS Style

Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal; Henry Sawyer Olawale. Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 10(4), 73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11

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AMA Style

Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal, Henry Sawyer Olawale. Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;10(4):73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11,
  author = {Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal and Henry Sawyer Olawale},
  title = {Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {73-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20221004.11},
  abstract = {In Nigeria, considering the period of passive functioning of railway transport along Ibadan - Lagos route but there is still notable commercial activities at each terminal and the agricultural activities along the route closed to the railway track continue increasing and with the recent reopening/construction of new rail. As such, the study aimed to determine the level of soil pollution with heavy metals from Railway Transportation in South West, Nigeria which focused on Oyo State (Bodija), Ogun State (Lafenwa) and Lagos State (Alajomeji). Four soil samples each were collected from study area making twelve (12) samples collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with minimum of 20-30 feet apart. A certain weight of each sample was weighed into beaker and 10mls of an acid mixture of nitric/perchloric acid was added and allowed to undergo digestion. The content was read on a Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model 210/211 VGP to determine the present of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu at Bodija range from 15.4–121.6, 0.00-0.85, 49.40-69.35, 199.0-329.5 and 37.40-55.50. Lafenwa; 58.4-417.50, 0.00-3.85, 9.70-47.45, 192.5-3557.5 and 45.40-1337.50. Alagomeji; 63.2-457.40, 2.10-4.10, 11.70-51.65, 201.6-3767.6 and 55.30-1537.60 mg/kg respectively. The mean effect indicated Pb, Cu and Cd were above the World Health Organisation standard for heavy metal in soil while Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were above the standard of Nigeria Department of Petroleum Regulation for heavy metal in soil in the Railway Stations with significant correlation among the heavy metal indicated similar source of pollution. The Geo-accumulation index indicated the soil in the Railway station is extremely contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) show contamination level of the heavy metals in the study areas are moderately polluted. The pollution load index (PLI) at Bodija with 0.7687 indicated unpolluted, Lafenwa and Alagomeji with 2.8681 and 3.6437 respectively indicated polluted. The Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd are the major heavy metals generating from railway transportation as such, needs for periodic environmental monitoring of environmental media and phytoremediation of the railway stations as well formulation of policy relating to railway transportation in term of planning, construction, operation in the face of new era in Railway transportation in Nigeria.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria
AU  - Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal
AU  - Henry Sawyer Olawale
Y1  - 2022/07/13
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
AB  - In Nigeria, considering the period of passive functioning of railway transport along Ibadan - Lagos route but there is still notable commercial activities at each terminal and the agricultural activities along the route closed to the railway track continue increasing and with the recent reopening/construction of new rail. As such, the study aimed to determine the level of soil pollution with heavy metals from Railway Transportation in South West, Nigeria which focused on Oyo State (Bodija), Ogun State (Lafenwa) and Lagos State (Alajomeji). Four soil samples each were collected from study area making twelve (12) samples collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with minimum of 20-30 feet apart. A certain weight of each sample was weighed into beaker and 10mls of an acid mixture of nitric/perchloric acid was added and allowed to undergo digestion. The content was read on a Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model 210/211 VGP to determine the present of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu at Bodija range from 15.4–121.6, 0.00-0.85, 49.40-69.35, 199.0-329.5 and 37.40-55.50. Lafenwa; 58.4-417.50, 0.00-3.85, 9.70-47.45, 192.5-3557.5 and 45.40-1337.50. Alagomeji; 63.2-457.40, 2.10-4.10, 11.70-51.65, 201.6-3767.6 and 55.30-1537.60 mg/kg respectively. The mean effect indicated Pb, Cu and Cd were above the World Health Organisation standard for heavy metal in soil while Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were above the standard of Nigeria Department of Petroleum Regulation for heavy metal in soil in the Railway Stations with significant correlation among the heavy metal indicated similar source of pollution. The Geo-accumulation index indicated the soil in the Railway station is extremely contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) show contamination level of the heavy metals in the study areas are moderately polluted. The pollution load index (PLI) at Bodija with 0.7687 indicated unpolluted, Lafenwa and Alagomeji with 2.8681 and 3.6437 respectively indicated polluted. The Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd are the major heavy metals generating from railway transportation as such, needs for periodic environmental monitoring of environmental media and phytoremediation of the railway stations as well formulation of policy relating to railway transportation in term of planning, construction, operation in the face of new era in Railway transportation in Nigeria.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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